Even before teeth appear, a baby’s oral health demands attention. Daily care from birth ensures healthy teeth, prevents future cavities, and sets the stage for a lifetime of good habits. Pediatric dentist Vânia Côrtes shares essential guidance for each stage of your child’s dental development.
Cleaning More Than Teeth: Starting from Day One
Oral care begins before the first tooth emerges. Clean your baby’s mouth daily using a dampened gauze or soft cloth wrapped around your finger. Gently wipe the gums, tongue, lips, and cheeks to remove residual milk and food. This routine not only keeps the mouth clean but also familiarizes the baby with hygiene practices from an early age, according to Dr. Côrtes.
The Arrival of the First Teeth
Most infants develop their first teeth around six to seven months, though the timing can range from four months to one year without concern. Common signs include irritability, swollen gums, increased salivation, and a restless mood—clear indicators that the first teeth are on their way.
Teething Discomfort and Relief
Teething can be uncomfortable, prompting babies to chew on anything within reach. To soothe sore gums, gently massage them with a clean finger or offer a smooth, non-toxic rubber teether. Always keep teethers clean to prevent infections.
If these measures fail, consult a pediatric dentist. Topical anesthetic gels are available but must be used cautiously, as they can numb the throat and increase choking risk. Dr. Côrtes emphasizes that this stage is normal and transient.
Tooth Eruption Timeline
Primary teeth (also known as baby teeth) typically appear in a predictable sequence, completing the full set of 20 teeth by age three. Later, around age five, these teeth gradually fall out, making way for the permanent set of 32 teeth. Typical eruption timing includes:
- Lower central incisors: 6½ months
- Lower lateral incisors: 7 months
- Upper central incisors: 7½ months
- Upper lateral incisors: 8 months
- First molars (upper and lower): 12–16 months
- Canines (upper and lower): 16–20 months
- Second molars (upper and lower): 20–30 months
Small variations in timing are generally considered normal.
Choosing the Right Toothbrush and Toothpaste
For infants, select small-headed brushes with soft bristles. Finger brushes made of silicone can be particularly useful for babies under two years, allowing parents to clean the mouth gently. Until the child can spit reliably, toothpaste should be fluoride-free to avoid the risk of dental fluorosis, which can cause permanent tooth discoloration. Apply a minimal amount, significantly less than what adults use.
Making Brushing Enjoyable
Transform brushing into a fun and interactive activity. From ages one to two, brushing in front of a mirror helps children recognize themselves and enjoy the process. Colorful brushes or those featuring favorite characters can motivate participation. Parents can turn brushing into storytelling time, songs, or simply lead by example by brushing alongside their child. Pediatric dentists also provide videos and books to reinforce positive habits in an engaging manner.
Preventing Cavities Early
Maintaining good oral hygiene from infancy, combined with healthy eating habits, reduces the risk of cavities. Avoid prolonged exposure to sugary liquids, and consult a dentist regularly to monitor development. Early intervention ensures your child’s smile grows strong and healthy.
